Recent developments in the spread of the H5N1 avian influenza (commonly known as bird flu) virus have raised global concerns, marking a significant shift in the virus's epidemiology. Initially identified over two decades ago, H5N1 has undergone substantial genetic changes, enhancing its pathogenicity and expanding its host range. Notably, the virus has demonstrated the capability to infect a wide array of avian species and mammals, including humans, posing a potential risk of a future pandemic.1
In light of these developments, research efforts have intensified to understand the molecular mechanisms of H5N1 pathogenicity and transmissibility. A critical area of focus is the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, a major surface antigen of the influenza virus that mediates entry into host cells. Rockland's advanced suite of antibodies against the H5N1 HA protein offers a vital tool for scientists aiming to map the antigenic landscape of H5N1 and develop strategies for both therapeutic interventions and vaccines.
Figure. Schematic representation of an influenza A virus (Adapted from Eichberg et al., 2022)
H5N1 Antibody Cross-Reactivities
HA Clade | H5N1 Influenza Virus | HI titers with anti-HA monoclonal antibodies | |||||
VN04-2 | VN04-8 | VN04-9 | VN04-10 | VN04-13 | VN04-16 | ||
H5 Ref. | A/tern/South Africa/1961 | 100 | < | < | < | < | < |
North American | A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 | 3200 | < | 25600 | 200 | 3200 | < |
A/mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/1984 | 800 | < | 200 | 6400 | 25600 | 400 | |
A/chicken/Hidalgo/28159-232/1994 | < | < | 200 | 100 | 1600 | < | |
A/mallard/Arkansas/1/2001 | 1600 | < | 200 | 400 | 3200 | 100 | |
Clade 0 | A/Hong Kong/156/1997 | 6400 | < | 25600 | 6400 | 25600 | 400 |
A/Hong Kong/481/1997 | 6400 | < | 1600 | 1600 | 12800 | 100 | |
A/duck/Singapore/3/1997 | 200 | < | 200 | 800 | 6400 | 200 | |
A/goose/Hong Kong/437-4/1999 | 6400 | < | 6400 | 1600 | 6400 | 200 | |
Clade 1 | A/Vietnam/1194/2004 | 3200 | 1600 | 12800 | 3200 | 6400 | 1600 |
A/Vietnam/1203/2004 | 6400 | 1600 | 12800 | 3200 | 6400 | 1600 | |
A/Vietnam/HN30408/2005 | 6400 | 3200 | 3200 | 3200 | 6400 | 1600 | |
A/Hong Kong/213/2003 | 6400 | 3200 | 400 | 3200 | 800 | 3200 | |
Clade 2.1.2 | A/Indonesia/6/2005 | 3200 | < | 800 | 25600 | 200 | 6400 |
Clade 2.1.3 | A/Indonesia/5/2005 | < | < | 400 | 12800 | 200 | 3200 |
A/chicken/Indonesia/PA03/2003 | 800 | 3200 | 200 | 3200 | 1600 | 1600 | |
A/duck/HUNWG/1504/2004 | 1600 | < | 3200 | 1600 | < | 400 | |
A/duck/GXLA/1304/2004 | < | 1600 | < | 3200 | 1600 | 1600 | |
A/chicken/Jogjakarta/BBVET/IX/2004 | 100 | < | 100 | 3200 | 3200 | 400 | |
A/chicken/Malang/BBVET/IV/2004 | 3200 | 3200 | < | 3200 | 3200 | 1600 | |
Clade 2.2 | A/whopper swan/Mongolia/244/2005 | < | 1600 | < | 3200 | 1600 | 1600 |
A/turkey/15/2006 | 100 | < | < | 3200 | < | 400 | |
A/bar headed goose/Qinghai/1A/2005 | 100 | 6400 | < | 6400 | 12800 | 3200 | |
Clade 2.3.4 | A/duck/Hunan/15/2004 | 1600 | < | 3200 | 1600 | < | 400 |
A/duck/Laos/3295/2006 | < | < | 400 | 1600 | 100 | 100 | |
A/chicken/Malaysia/935/2006 | 100 | < | 400 | 800 | 100 | 100 | |
A/common magpie/Hong Kong/645/2006 | < | < | 200 | 400 | < | 100 | |
Clade 2.4 | A/duck/Guangxi/13/2004 | < | 1600 | < | 3200 | 1600 | 1600 |
Table 1: Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing was performed with 0.5% chicken red blood cells by a standard method.3 (<) less than 1:100.
H5N1 Antibodies
Product | Clonality | Clone | Size |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-2 | Monoclonal | 15A3 | 100 µL |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-2 | Monoclonal | 15A3 | 100 µg |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-8 | Monoclonal | 3G2 | 100 µL |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-8 | Monoclonal | 3G2 | 100 µg |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-9 | Monoclonal | 7A11 | 100 µL |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-9 | Monoclonal | 7A11 | 100 µg |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-10 | Monoclonal | 8A3 | 100 µL |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-10 | Monoclonal | 8A3 | 100 µg |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-13 | Monoclonal | 14C5 | 100 µL |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-13 | Monoclonal | 14C5 | 100 µg |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-16 | Monoclonal | 18E1 | 100 µL |
H5N1 Antibody VN04-16 | Monoclonal | 18E1 | 100 µg |
H5N1 Influenza Antibody Sampler Kit | Monoclonal | Various | 1 kit |