This antibody is designed, produced, and validated as part of a collaboration between Rockland and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and is suitable for Cancer, Immunology and Nuclear Signaling research. Smad3 (also known as Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, Mothers against DPP homolog 3, Mad3, hMAD-3, JV15-2 or hSMAD3) is a transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinase. These activators exert diverse effects on a wide array of cellular processes. The Smad proteins mediate much of the signaling responses induced by the TGF-beta superfamily. Activated type I receptor phosphorylates receptor-activated Smads (R-Smads) at their c-terminal two extreme serines in the S-S-X-S motif, e.g. Smad2 and Smad3 proteins in the TGF-b pathway, or Smad1, Smad5 or Smad8 in the bone morphogenic protein or BMP pathway. The phosphorylated R-Smads are translocated into nucleus, where they regulate transcription of target genes. Based on microarray and animal model experiments, Smad3 accounts for at least 80% of all TGF-b-mediated response.
This affinity purified antibody was prepared by repeated immunizations with a synthetic peptide corresponding to an internal region of human Smad3 protein surrounding amino acid residue 179.